How to: Sumbel (Ritual Toasting and Oathing)

Sumbel, or sumbl in Old Norse, is one of the most powerful rituals of pre-Christian Scandinavia. More than a drinking feast, it was a sacred act where words carried weight, oaths were sworn, and the bonds of kinship and honour were strengthened before gods and ancestors. From the halls of Icelandic sagas to modern heathen gatherings, sumbel has endured as a living tradition. In this guide, we explore its history, sources, and meaning — and show you how to practise it today with respect and sincerity.